Assessment of soil and geological environment contamination caused by hostilities in Mykolaiv region as a result of Russian military aggression against Ukraine

Abstract

The article addresses one of the most severe and long-term environmental consequences of armed conflicts, which are the pollution and degradation of land resources. The war in Ukraine has caused significant damage to soil and geological environments, affecting agricultural productivity and ecosystem stability. Soils absorb the direct impact of military actions and hostilities, leading to contamination and long-lasting environmental risks. Explosions, heavy military equipment movement, fortifications, landmines, and chemical spills contribute to soil destruction, compaction, and pollution. This study focused on assessing soil and groundwater contamination in the Mykolaiv region, one of the most affected areas as a result of russian aggression. Soil samples were collected from combat zones and adjacent territories to evaluate chemical degradation. The results indicate excessive levels of phosphorus, likely due to military activities, along with high concentrations of arsenic. In some cases, arsenic contamination was also detected in underground aquifers, posing risks to water quality and human health. The findings highlight the urgent need for continuous monitoring, environmental restoration, and strategies to mitigate the long-term impacts of war-related pollution.