Соціально-економічні детермінанти споживання вживаних речей домогосподарствами України

Abstract

У статті розглянуто трактування споживання як процесу задоволення потреб різними школами і теоріями економічної науки; наголошено, що споживання може детермінувати позитивні процеси в економічній динамічній системі, а може стати джерелом руйнівних тенденцій у функціонування економічної системи; виокремлено споживчу поведінку індивіда як різновиду економічної поведінки та здійснено короткий екскурс в історію споживчої поведінки домогосподарств України у новітній час; з'ясовано причини споживання вживаних речей домогосподарствами України за допомогою проведеного анонімного опитування населення міста Полтави та Полтавської області, а саме: відносно невисока ціна вживаних речей, вища якість виробів, унікальність речей та їхня "брендовість"; наголошено на необхідності проведення повоєнної комплексної економічної і соціальної політики задля підвищення рівня і якості життя населення України. The article examines the interpretation of consumption as a process of satisfying needs by representatives of various schools and theories of economic science: marginalism, Marxism, institutionalism, Keynesianism, neoclassicism. It is emphasized that consumption can determine positive processes in the economic dynamic system: needs — production — employment — incomes — growth in the level and quality of life — meaningful consumption, and can become a source of destructive trends in the functioning of the economic system: needs — overproduction — limited resources — unemployment — environmental pollution — reduction of the quality of life — ascetic consumption. The consumer behavior of an individual is singled out as a type of economic behavior, as a human activity aimed at obtaining various products and disposing of them. A short excursion into the history of consumer behavior of Ukrainian households in modern times was conducted — from the beginning of the 1990s to the pre-war period of the modern history of Ukraine. Attention is focused on the decrease in incomes and the decline in the standard of living of the population, the spread of mass poverty and the deterioration of the nutrition of the population, which lasted until the beginning of 2000. It was found that despite the country's exit from the long crisis, economic growth and increase in the standard of living and reduction in the scale of poverty, the acute problem of underconsumption of the vast majority of the population during the 90s of the 20th century. became the basis for an increase in current consumption, influenced the consumer priorities and consumer behavior of households. There are reasons to talk about the reckless consumer behavior of Ukrainian households and the demonstration of ascetic-materialistic consumption with a tendency to demonstrative. An analysis of the consumption of second-hand items by households in Ukraine — clothes, shoes, textiles, accessories that were already used by other individuals — was carried out. The reasons for the consumption of second-hand items in Ukraine were identified with the help of an anonymous survey of the population of the city of Poltava and the Poltava region. According to the results of the survey, the main reason for the consumption of used items items is their relatively low price, the higher quality of the products, the uniqueness of the items and their "branding". A conclusion was made about the need for a comprehensive economic and social policy in the post-war period to improve the level and quality of life of the population of Ukraine, because the war will only intensify all the negative manifestations of the damage caused to the economy and social sphere of Ukraine.