Інформаційна безпека України в контексті російсько-українського конфлікту

Abstract

У дисертації здійснено аналіз інформаційної безпеки України у контексті російської агресії. На основі різноманітних джерел та наукової літератури проаналізовано сутність інформаційної безпеки суспільства та держави в сучасній системі міжнародних відносин. Проведено аналіз факторів та передумов інформаційно-військової агресії Російської Федерації проти України, визначено основні її методи, інструменти. Охарактеризовано законодавчу базу забезпечення інформаційної безпеки України та розкрито роль державних інститутів у її забезпеченні напередодні та в умовах російської агресії. Розкрито значення дипломатії України в контексті інформаційної безпеки в умовах конфлікту. Досліджено роль засобів масової інформації як інструменту інформаційної безпеки держави. Висвітлено важливу роль громадських організацій, здійснено аналіз діяльності релігійних громад в аспекті інформаційної безпеки України. Охарактеризовано основні загрози у сфері інформаційної безпеки та на основі цього розроблено практичні рекомендації у сфері захисту суспільства від інформаційної агресії Росії. The thesis analyzes the information security of Ukraine in the context of Russian aggression. The essence of information security of the society and state in the modern system of international relations is analyzed. It is indicated that with the onset of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, which has a socio-political background, Ukraine faces acute information challenges that attract attention and require scientific research. Until 2014, there was little attention and interest in information security in the Ukrainian scientific environment. However, after the start of the Russian hybrid war against Ukraine, the issue of information security became increasingly relevant. Despite the significant number of scientific works on the problems of Ukraine's national security, as well as information security as its component, there is still a problem of the lack of comprehensive scientific research on methods and means of confronting Russian information and military aggression. In the thesis, analysis of the factors and preconditions of information military aggression of Russia against Ukraine was conducted. The main methods of the Kremlin information warfare have been explored and identified.Among them are manipulations in the information space of Ukraine, especially in the eastern regions, with the goal of transforming thinking, ideology, beliefs, views, cultural identity, national identity, historical memory; propaganda and disinformation; spreading distorted and false information about Ukraine in order to create a negative image of the country. The main tools of the Russian information war are the media, the so-called cultural centers of the Russian Federation, public associations, and the formation of the fifth column inside Ukraine. The dissertation presents an analysis of legislative basis and characterizes the role of state institutions for providing information security of Ukraine in the conditions of Russian aggression.It was clarified that the beginning of the Russian military aggression against Ukraine began the transformation of the national information legislation.The study leads to believe that the legislative basis, combined with the restructuring of the national security system, will create an effective mechanism for the containment of the external information used for the aggression.It was also observed that in present conditions of the Russian information war, a number of new institutions have been created to ensure the implementation of the information policy of Ukraine. The study found that the education system is an important factor in information security, which has huge potential in preventive measures in the context of information security. The paper discusses the importance of Ukraine's diplomacy in the context of information security in a conflict conditions. The classical diplomacy of Ukraine in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict has gained new directions. Given the constant spread of misinformation by Russia, the role of public diplomacy and culture as its component became increasingly important. Further, the main achievements and miscalculations of Ukraine's diplomacy in the context of information security are analyzed. The role of mass media as an instrument of information security is investigated. It has been proved that media has become an instrument of providing information security, since it promotes the formation and strengthening of national consciousness of the society as well as patriotic feelings. A direct link between the media and the state of information security of Ukraine was determined, proving the state of social consciousness in the Donbas, where Russian mass media is in the superiority. The media is essentially dual. Its dualism is that it can be both a component of information security and an information warfare tool. The important role of NGOs is highlighted. The analysis makes it possible to conclude that NGOs become one of the key elements of the non-state system in ensuring information security of Ukraine, since they manage to carry out defensive and offensive operations in the information space. Further in the dissertation, the analysis of the activity of religious communities in the context of information security of Ukraine is carried out. The activity of religious communities remains a sensitive but rather important issue in ensuring the information security of Ukraine in the context of the RussianUkrainian conflict. The activity of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, which belongs to the Moscow Patriarchate, is the biggest issue. In the course of the study, the widespread assertion that the church is separated from politics is shown to be false. Moreover, the analysis of the activities of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate shows that some of the high ranking church officials act contrary to the national interests, undermining the integrity of the state. The dissertation describes the main threats in the field of information security and, on the basis of this, provides practical recommendations in the field of protection of the society and state from the Russian information aggression.