Загрози економічній безпеці як складової системи забезпечення національної безпеки України

Abstract

Досліджено комплексний підхід до визначення реальних і потенційних загроз у сфері економічної безпеки, а саме: державного управління щодо захисту національних інтересів України загалом, адекватного реагування на потенційні та реальні загрози в сфері економічної безпеки за умов мінімізації наслідків суб'єктами економічної безпеки України в умовах кризових ситуацій; обгрунтовані пропозиції щодо вирішення проблеми функціонування економічної безпеки як складової системи забезпечення національної України у кризових ситуаціях. Визначено поняття економічної безпеки держави та принципи, за якими визначаються загрози в економічній сфері в контексті забезпечення національної безпеки. Доведено важливість забезпечення економічної безпеки держави та запобігання реальних і потенційних загроз в умовах збройної агресі Російської Федерації проти України. В результаті проведеного дослідження запропоновані пропозиції щодо запобігання загрозам в економічній сфері як складової системи забезпечення національної безпеки держави. The complex approach to identifying real and potential threats to economic security is investigated, namely: public administration concerning the protection of Ukraine's national interests in general, adequate response to potential and real threats to economic security field while minimizing the consequences of economic security of Ukraine in crisis situations; substantiated proposals for solving the problem of economic security as a component of Ukraine's national security system. The concept of state economic security is defined as well as the principles that determin threats in the economic field in the context of ensuring national security. The importance of ensuring the economic security of the state and preventing real and potential threats in the conditions of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine is proved. As a result of the study, proposals to prevent threats in the economic field as part of the system of national security are proposed. Many foreign and domestic scientists have devoted their work to the search for rational approaches to the definition of tasks, forms, tools, scales and mechanisms of effective functioning of the sector of the national economy. But the dynamic variability of the world requires the improvement of existing theories and practices to ensure economic security and stability of the social system in general. It should be noted that the essence of institutional transformations and the structuring of the coordination of the control activity of individual state subjects and economic security are substantiated only in a limited range of scientific works. Therefore, it is urgent to search for scientific approaches adapted to the modern needs of the development of the national economy, taking into account real and potential threats. The purpose of the article is the analysis of scientific approaches and the search for ways to increase the efficiency of state management mechanisms in the field of economic security as a component of the national security system in crisis situations and in a special period. The general state of economic security in the conditions of the market economy development and civil society is an integrated macroeconomic indicator of the country's socio-economic development; the basis for the development of strategic state policy and specific measures for its implementation and, in the end, a decisive condition for the responsibility of subjects, coordination and realization of interests in the country's economic security system. Reforming state policy process in general and the economic sphere, in particular, during the 30 years of independence turned out to be complex and ambiguous due to the circumstances that Ukraine changed the course of state development every five years — this is connected with the presidential elections and the formation of a new state government. During the retrospective analysis of legal acts regarding the main principles of state policy on national security issues, it was established that their implementation was complicated by a number of reasons: every change in the state's course upon the election of a new President significantly affected the provision of national security in general, and this could not but be reflected in the vital activities of the state and socio-economic system. There was a slowdown in the progress of reforms, a decrease in the capacity of the economic system for many years. And only with the election of the current President, regulatory legal acts of strategic purpose regarding the development of the state in general and the national economy, in particular, were developed and put into effect, but they are not able to ensure the full implementation of the tasks set in the strategies. In this regard, considering the threats to the economic component of the national security system, and taking into account the military actions on the territory of Ukraine, it shows that today, in order to ensure national security in the economic sphere, it is necessary to constantly monitor the situation in the economic sphere, to carry out structural restructuring of the economy in conditions of war, making additions (in the articles on control) to the vertical of responsibility of the subjects of the implementation of the National Security Strategy in general and Strategies in the economic sphere, in particular, as well as measures, means, ways to increase the effectiveness of mechanisms for ensuring national security, which requires further research in this direction.