Підходи до управління конфліктами у територіальних громадах

Abstract

В статті проаналізовано праці вчених та практичні посібники присвячені проблемам профілактики та вирішення конфліктів у територіальних громадах. Мета статті полягає в переосмисленні підходів щодо управління конфліктами у територіальних громадах у воєнний і повоєнний період, аналізі існуючого досвіду вирішення конфліктів. Розглянуто питання: що таке конфлікт, де може виникнути конфлікт у громаді чи в органі місцевого самоврядування, структура конфлікту, хто є учасниками, позиції, інтереси і якою є проблема, інтереси, що сховані за позиціями, динаміка конфлікту, стадії конфлікту, як розпізнати ескалацію, вибір рішень, якими можуть бути стилі взаємодії в конфлікті тощо. Запропоновано кроки з вирішення конфлікту: оцінювання, декомпозицію, дослідження з різних сторін, перевірку даних, зниження ступеня невизначеності і пропозицію самого варіанту вирішення. The tasks facing the Ukrainian state in the war and post-war period, partially highlighted in the country's Recovery Plan, pose a number of challenges to public officials and scientists regarding the revision of a number of concepts and approaches taking into account the requirements of the time. In particular, approaches to conflict management in territorial communities in the war and postwar times need to be reconsidered and further improved. To rethink and improve these approaches summarized scientific works and practical guides on conflict management in territorial communities and developed recommendations for territorial communities and their self-government bodies based on results of analysis of actual practice of conflict prevention and resolution. A conflict is addressed as a complex phenomenon. It is both a dynamically interconnected integrated system and a process. The stages of the conflict are studied and the directions of action are determined. The sequence of steps to resolve the conflict in the territorial community is substantiated, in particular, it should contain the following stages: evaluation, decomposition, comprehensive study taking into account positions of all interested parties, data verification, reduction of uncertainty and the conflict resolution itself. The necessity to carry out a detailed analysis of the interests and needs of the conflict participants, to involve them in interaction, and therefore to changes, even at the stage of conflict evaluation, is substantiated, as well as monitoring the state of the conflict system and adjusting the means of working with the conflict at all stages of its development. The need for a partnership approach, a respectful attitude towards the opponent/s, without which it is impossible to effectively resolve conflicts in the community or team, is emphasized. The paper clarifies definitions of conflicts in territorial communities and their self-government bodies, sources of conflicts within a community or its local self-government body, conflict structure, conflict participants, their points of view and context, positions, interests and problems, types of interests which are hidden behind the positions, dynamics of a conflict, escalation and ways of its recognition, types of decisions to be chosen, styles of conflict interaction, etc. The necessary to plan intervention in the conflict as competently as possible was given proof of. It is worth singling out and involving in an active discussion the maximum number of people who are related to the conflict or have an influence on it. Assess the risks, consequences, competence of the participants, importance of the subject of the dispute, etc. Representatives of local self-government bodies need to create conditions so that those in conflict, regardless of their influence on the conflict, have the opportunity to express their own opinion and join the dialogue. At the same time, they should think about ensuring confidentiality and the possibility for all conflict parties of "saving face" and their image.