Історичні передумови виникнення та становлення квазідержавних утворень на Сході України

Abstract

Стаття присвячена квазідержавним утворенням на Сході України. Визначені основні історичні передумови початку конфлікту: віддалене географічне розташування, імперська політика СРСР, наявність значної кількості російських мігрантів. Основними причинами конфлікту стали підтримка з боку РФ сепаратистських настроїв, участь в антиукраїнських акціях російських громадян, анексія Кримського півострову, прорахунки керівництва країни. На сучасному етапі першочерговою є проблема повного припинення війни на Сході України. This article deals with quasi-state entities in eastern Ukraine. The main historical prerequisites for the beginning of the conflict are identified: remote, peripheral geographical location relative to the capital, imperial policy of the USSR, the presence of a significant number of Russian migrants among the local inhabitants. The main causes of the conflict were the support of the separatism in the Donbass by the Russian Federation, direct participation in anti-Ukrainian actions of Russian citizens, a massive information campaign of the Russian media, annexation of Crimea, some mistakes of the Ukrainian power. The first stage of the modern conflict in eastern Ukraine began in March 2014. Mass riots broke out in Donetsk and Luhansk regions under openly separatist and pro-Russian slogans. The second stage was characterized by more active and aggressive actions of the pro-Russian separatists. The phase of open military confrontation began after the holding of illegitimate referendums in the territory of Donetsk and Lugansk regions. This stage was complicated by the direct Russian support of the separatist regions. The active phase of the armed confrontation continued until early 2015. Their status is defined by the Ukrainian legislation as temporarily occupied territories. At the present stage, the priority is the complete cessation of war in the east of Ukraine, which does not allow to focus on regaining control over the occupied territories, reintegration of these regions into the Ukrainian political space. It is forecasted that the genesis of the conflict over the so-called «DPR/LPR» may become the basis for its «freezing». It may complicate the future process of state reintegration. The changes in the mass consciousness of the population of the regions through information war and pro-Russian propaganda of the opposite side and activation of state-building processes in the occupied region are threats to the national security of Ukraine.